Winegrape cultivar recommended as suitable for growing in Saskatchewan, Canada.

a delicious liqueur based on ripe bananas and exotic fruits.

Usually referred to as 'Dalni Ramning' by growers. Is severe cold resistant -30 deg. F. (ca -35 C.) variety, weak in growth, that ripens very early (mid-August) in Minnesota. Berries are very attractive to birds. (No other information on this grape at present).

Has several synonym names including Pinot Rouge. Is possibly derived from a Pinot cepage x Gouais Blanc cross that occurred in the distant past. No other details as yet other than this variety is grown in France and can be made into red wine.

Bronze, female-pollinate V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Claimed to be the best of the bronze Scuppernongs, consistently large size throughout the vines with high (24%) fruit sugars. 'Girdling (a.k.a dry scarring) is recommended. No other details as yet.

Has synonym names Muscat de St. Vallier Blanc, Muscat Santa Valliere. Technical name is Seyve Villard 20-473. Derived from a Pense x Seyve Villard 12-129 cross. French/American hybrid grape suitable for wine or tablegrape use. Ripens mid-late October in most areas. According to the list where the information appeared this grape has the alias name of Waltham Cross where grown in certain 'New World' regions such as Calgary, Canada (where it is grown under glass): apparently a confused synonym misnaming from the Old World V.vinifera Dattier de Beyrouth.

Is a Southern bunch grape bred in Florida. In areas with hot nights it ripens with a pink blush. If cold nights, the berries are red. The cultivar is resistant to Pierce's disease, but in many areas it seems to be a shy bearer. Grafting not required. Recommended for dooryard planting as a tablegrape.

V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Result of a Luola x Burgaw cross. Reported to have small, sweet fruit suitable for wine, tablegrape or jelly and recommended for growth in the Deep South and Gulf States of the U.S.A. No other details as yet.

Variety found widely grown in N.W. Greece and Albania. Mainly used to produce a sparkling, fresh young white wine.

Has technical name Seibel 9549. Productive, hardy to -15 deg. F (ca -26 C.), mid-October ripening french-american hybrid variety that is not currently recommended because of susceptibility to soilborne viruses and poor, (1997), market demand conditions for some hybrid grapes. It gives a fruity, balanced red wine of only fair quality usually possessed of low to mild tannic content. Having low popularity as a varietal it is commonly used as a tannin diluting blending component in tannin-rich bulk wines. Planted mainly in the cooler regions of the Northeast U.S. and Canada where it once had the name Cameo, changed in 1972 because of certain proprietary and other objections.

Developed at the Freiburg Research Institute, Germany, this is a red-fleshed teinturier cultivar derived from a Pinot Gris and Teinturier cross.

A native American hybrid grape variety found in Delaware, Ohio and first publicised in 1849. According to Hedrick, 'Grapes of New York' (1908) no definite supporting evidence about the origin of this variety was known, although it had an alias name Italian Grape and is claimed to be a possible hybrid Native American cultivar with a slight V.vinifera component mix. Currently used to make dry, sweet and sparkling white wines of good quality and barely perceptible 'foxy' character. Commonly grown in the Eastern U.S. on deep, fertile, well-drained soils where it ripens in early to mid-October, it has considerable popularity when made into 'ice-wine'. Has some susceptibility to fruit and foliage fungus diseases and requires grafting to a phylloxera-resistant rootstock for best growth. For Arkansas the main recommendation is to cold-press grapes that were grown on grafted rootstocks and finish as a 1.5 - 2.0% residual sugar, or as a true dessert, wine. Also described as an excellent (seedbearing) Tablegrape. A selected seedling of this variety named Jewel with synonym names Burr 1 and Burr's Early, was very popular in the first years of the 20th century, ripening a little earlier than its better known sibling. NB: this seedling should not to be confused with the recent (1999) Juwel V.vinifera cultivar release with the same 'Jewel' synonym name.

This variety is a productive, disease resistant, complex (7-species) T.V Munson bred hybrid (R.W. Munson x Delicious cultivar. Ripens early to mid-season. Suitable for planting in Kansas and Oklahoma, USA, or anywhere that the Concord variety can be successfully planted. It is used to produce what some consider to be an overly vinous, fruity product, with no detectable 'foxy' flavor, invariably needing softening with neutral (eg. Bailey) blending wine.

Complex V.lincecumii/bourquiniana variety derived by Munson in 1887 from a Big Berry x Herbemont cross. Vigorous and productive it ripens a little after Concord to give medium sized black berries. No other details at present.

V. bourquiniana variety, suitable as wine/tablegrape, grown in U.S.A and Brazil. According to the Geilweilerhof database (above) has several synonym names including Black July and Buenos Ayres.

V.vinifera variety grown in Portugal. Has several synonym names including Carnal, Fernan Fer, Formosa and Villanueva. Reportedly mainly used in the production of white wines. No other details as yet.

Also known as Moore's Diamond. American native vine and vinifera hybrid grape created (1885) in Brighton, N.Y. by Jacob Moore by crossing the Iona vinifera-labrusca hybrid with Concord. Ripening in early to mid-October, it resembles the latter parent and has been widely grown in western New York state and used for creating sparkling blends and dry varietal wines. Susceptible to fruit-cracking under wet conditions. It is also popular as a tablegrape.

Has synonym name C96-54. Californian selection (1989) derived from the complex parentage cross A13-2 x B2-11. This cultivar provides an early season white seedless grape, ripening around the same time as Fiesta, that allows canes to be cut and fruit to dry on the vine or by drying on trays. Flavor is sweet with pleasant fruity, muscat taste that remains when the fruit is dried. Plant is very productive. A T-trellis is recommended to allow good air circulation when drying fruit on cane cut vines.

Is an old-line nineteenth century American labruscana variety named after Diana Crehore, the originator, first exhibited in 1843. Once commonly grown in the Finger Lakes region of New York, it was one of the primary parents, along with Muscat Hamburg, whose offspring (Diana Hamburg) was then crossed with the Concord, itself a labrusca-vinifera hybrid, to create the historically interesting secondary hybrid Brighton, one of the later importantly successful american hybrids derived from a vinifera and labrusca variety.

Derived from a Diana x Muscat Hamburg cross. For more information see description of Brighton or Diana above.

White-wine grape widely grown in Bulgaria. Mainly used to produce sweet wines for early consumption. No other details yet.

Has synonym names Pellada, Pelara and Quajara. Variety grown in the Veneto region of northern Italy and used by a few producers as one of the blending wines to create the red 'Valpolicella' Classico.

White-wine grape variety widely grown in Hungary and other east european regions. No other details as yet.

Variety resulting from a Rouge de Diolly x Pinot Noir cross. No other details yet other than the variety is reported to be a red wine producing variety grown in several cantons of Switzerland.

Has synonym name Rouge de Diolly. Grown in the Saint-Gall canton of eastern Switzerland, where it is found in red wine blends.

V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) complex variety derived from a Topsail x (Lucida x Wallace) cross. Has synonym name N.C. 88-102. Useful as a wine or tablegrape, this self-fertile variety is recommended as suitable for growing in the Gulf or southeastern States of the U.S.A.

Red self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety derived from a Georgia S.44-6 x Georgia S.44-7 cross. Regarded as vigorous, good quality and high-yielding cultivar whose fruit is mainly used as tablegrapes. Usually ripens in mid-season where grown in the deep southern regions of the USA.

Bronze V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety derived from a Fry x Georgia S.29-49 cross. Has the synonym name Georgia 5-7-5. This self-fertile variety, similar to Fry, usually ripens in early to mid-season and is recommended for use as a tablegrape with excellent flavor where grown in the Gulf or Deep South states of the U.S.A.

Variety indigenous to Croatia (former province of Yugoslavia). Recent DNA analysis (late 2001) has found that it is one of the parents of Plavac Mali. No other details as yet.

Has synonym name Dogridge. Female V.champini variety (ie. natural hybrid reported to be result of a complex V.rupestris x V.candicans cross with possible V.berlandieri involvement) propagated for use as rootstock capable of resisting Pierce's Disease in Florida and the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. Recent evaluation notes that it can, however, act as a host to the bacterium. Recommended by U. Florida for use as rootstock for Black Spanish, Conquistador, Orlando (Seedless) and Stover varieties in those areas particularly if soil pH exceeds 7.0: although it has only moderate tolerance for lime-rich soils and phylloxera infestation.

Well-known grape widely grown in Piedmont region of Italy. Has synonym name Nera Dolce, meaning 'Sweet Black' in english. The latter name also translates to 'Douce Noire' in french, thought to be the reason for the unrelated Charbono variety found in California being described by some as having a clonal or other connection to the subject grape. Having aroma flavors described as reminiscent of almond and liquorice, the wine is commonly drunk within two or three years of bottling date although certain of these wines deriving from the Alba region are noted for their longevity out to 10 years. Growing best on white marl-containing soils, this vine often ripens up to four weeks earlier than the Nebbiolo variety grown in the same region of Italy. Described as difficult to vinify, the juice is usually made into a fast maturing, fruity, robust dark red wine with low acidity, and tannins needing only a short fermentation in order to avoid excess bitterness.

V.amurensis hybrid variety. (No other details other than it is reported to have early budbreak, low vigor and a short growth cycle. Somewhat less sensitive to the mildew diseases and phylloxera than V.vinifera).

Variety resulting from a Chasselas x Chardonnay cross. No other details as yet other than it is used to create white wines in Switzerland.

V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety derived from a Higgins x Dixie cross. This bronze self-fertile variety, usually ripening in mid-season, is suitable for juice or sweet wine production because it can attain high brix (17%) sugar content. As usual with this species the fruit ripens variably over a season and dry-scarring is recommended. Successfully grown in the Gulf and Southeastern States of the U.S.A.

Variety reported as derived from a (Ten Dollar Prize x Concord) , Lincecumii, Labrusca crossing by T.V. Munson developed in 1885. Classed as an American Hybrid and described as ripening just after Concord to give medium/large, variably compact clusters of large, dark reddish-purple skinned berries that are overly acidic unless thoroughly ripe. Recommended for growing in Oklahoma. No other details as yet.

Has synonym name Early Amber. Reported as an American labrusca variety originated from unknown parentage seed around 1855 by Asa Clement of Massachusetts. Vigorous, hardy variety, ripening somewhat earlier than Concord, to give a pale red-dark amber skinned berry claimed to be of little use except as a mediocre, foxy tablegrape or breeding grape. Rapid berry shriveling makes it a poor candidate for keeping. No other details as yet.

a Scottish liqueur that is a concoction of Scotch, heather honey and herbs.

Variety grown in the Orvieta DOC, Umbria, Italy. Has synonym names Drupeccio and Lupeccio. Usually the wine from this grape is blended with several others, eg. Verdello and Greco Bianco, to create the dry white (bianco) wine associated with the name of the DOC. Recommended for drinking as young wines but capable of gaining style from two-three years cellaring. The botrytis affected blends from the region are considered by some to be a superior sweet wine that is vaguely reminiscent of french Sauterne.

see vermouth.

Female pollinate variety derived from a (V.simpsonii x Marguerite) x (U.K American hybrid x Seyve Villard 12-375) complex crossing. No other details as yet. Not to be confused with the American hybrid Dunstan 2 cultivar.

Variety derived from a Chasselas Rose Violet x Seneca cross. No other details as yet other than it is thought by some to be a cultivar created by the Vineland Research Institute of Ontario, Canada.

Minor grape grown in the Gaillac AC northeast of Toulouse, France. Has several synonym names including Cabernet Duras and Durade. Used to create red and rose' blended wines made from such varieties as Fer, Negrette, Syrah and Gamay Noir. Not to be confused with the appellation same name.

Is alias name for Nosiola variety grown in the Veneto region of Italy. Used there to make still and sparkling dry white-wines of crisply acidic character. Other synonym names are Cagnina, Durella and Rabiosa.

Has several synonym names including Duriff and Pinot de l'Ermitage. Well known variety grown in France, California and Australia. A recent DNA analysis report (Meredith C.P., et al., 'Am. J. Enol. Vitic.' 50(3): 236-42 1999) shows this variety is possibly a cross between a seedling of Peloursin and the Syrah varieties. The recent discovery that the Petite Sirah variety extensively planted in California is identical to, and so is a synonym name for, the subject cultivar was complicated by the use of accessions from vineyards with the most reliable planting records which made it appear that the latter variety may also have been one of several other distinct varieties, all having grower support for the claim of legitimacy. Old vine plantings of Durif are currently (1997) found, and used to produce popular wine, in the Rutherglen (N.E Victoria) region of Australia. (For more information see 'Petite Sirah' below).

(No details as yet other than it is a red wine producing variety, possibly indigenous, grown in the Valais district of Switzerland and having the synonym name of Rouge de Fully).

American hybrid grape derived from a Concord seedling pollinated by mixed pollens of Delaware, and the long-forgotten Vinifera, Labruscana, Bourquiniana cross Walter variety. These grapes were developed by the prolific hybridizer A.J Caywood in 1868 at the Hudson River (NY) vineyard now occupied (1998) by the Benmarl Vineyard. Used to make fruity, quite sweet white wines with little perceptible 'foxy' character. Mainly found in the N. American cool-climate regions of Ontario, Canada and Finger Lakes of N.Y. State where it typically ripens during early to mid-October.

V.vinifera variety grown in Georgia (CIS). Usually found as one of the varieties (that also include Saperavi (Charni), Izabella, Tsolikouri and other grapewines) that are used to make a sweet red dessert wine blend.