Reported to be the result of a Big Berry x Triumph cross. Is therefore a complex V.lincecumii x V.rupestris variety. No other details as yet.

Derived from a Riesling 88 x Riesling 64 cross. Mostly confined to the Mosel region of Germany, this variety has moderate vigor limited yield and ripens at the same time as its parent.

Synonym name for Nosiola variety..

Has several synonym names, including Friularo where grown in the Bagnoli DOC (near Padua) in the Veneto region. Used to produce several styles of local blended ruby red wines there and in the Piave region near Venice, Italy, with some ageing ability. (No other details yet).

Has synonym names Rousselet and Portugal. Reported as originating in Italy.

Reported as an Australian developed variety accessioned around 1956. Used as a wine or tablegrape. (No other details as yet other than it may be the variety also known as Chasselas Raisin de Palestine).

Unique to Portugal, this blue-skinned berry producing variety is grown in the Colares region on the Atlantic coast not far from Lisbon. Used to make an intense, tannic red wine with prominent spicelike aroma and taste components. Claimed to need ten or more years of cellaring for maximum enjoyment.

V.champini variety used almost solely as rootstock. Has synonym name Saltcreek. Noted for superior resistance to wet, saline soil conditions and Pierces Disease (although recent observation has noted it can act as host to the bacterium).

Vine grown in Croatia, former Yugoslavia, that has several synonym names including Plavis. Ripening early in season it produces a dense, medium size cluster of med/large brown freckled golden yellow berries. If planted on calcareous soils it requires iron mineral enrichment for best results. Juice has low sugar content so the white wine is best used to create young drinking sparkling varietals and blends. No other details as yet.

a raspberry-flavored cordial, sometimes called creme de framboise.

Variety reportedly grown in Tunisia and commonly used for producing table/raisin grapes. Known there under its synonym name Razzagui. Fruit is also used to create a white wine subsequently blended with Catarrato Bianco wine.

French-American hybrid with the technical name of Ravat 6 and parentage of Chardonnay and Seibel 5474. According to Phillip Wagner, late dean of eastern U.S. winemakers, this variety can produce high-quality white wines reminiscent of its famous V.vinifera parent. Requires grafting to a suitable rootstock and needs careful spraying regime for protection from fungus diseases.

Has synonym name Ravat 51. Variety widely grown in the cooler regions of the northeast American continent, including Canada, and middle band of states of the USA. This cold-hardy (-20 deg. F), late budding, french-american hybrid small-cluster grape ripens in late September. Prone to bunchrot in humid regions. Requires grafting to good vigor rootstock for fruit-bud development. Due to high acid content, is recommended for making white dry, late-harvest and ice-wines. Reported to have Pinot de Corton and Subereux french-american hybrids as direct parents. Currently very popular as a high quality dessert wine because of its restrained fruitiness, high acid and good balance.

French-american hybrid grape related to Pinot Noir. Some stock, usually ripening around mid-September, is planted in the Eastern states of the U.S. in order to make a currently light, candy-flavored red wine. Sometimes misnamed Ravat 34, a much lighter skinned grape.

Has synonym name Seibel 4986. Reported to be the result of a Seibel 405 x Seibel 2007 cross. Created early in the search for suitable french-american hybrid grapes and is one of the parents of the Vidal Blanc cultivar. Produces fruit with high sugar content suitable for making crisp, well-balanced, semi-sweet or sparkling white-wine blends. This variety is still grown in the Loire region of France. It is successful in the state of Missouri where it is used to produce a good quality wine with a distinctively Loire-valley taste profile. Takes Botrytis (ie. Noble Rot) infection extremely well and the bunches hang until Thanksgiving in that State allowing production of an exceptionally successful sweet wine.

Has synonym name Rigotti 107-3. Variety reported as grown in the Trentino region of N.E. Italy. Listed as a Merlot x Teroldego cross. No other details other than it can have some ageing ability as a red varietal wine.

Complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety derived from a Higgins x Georgia Seedling 29-49 cross. No other details as yet.

Ancient native grape grown in Friuli-Venezia-Giuia region of Italy. Has many synonym names in Italy and surrounding countries, including Canina (Nera) and Terrano. Made into what is often considered to be a robust, very intense red wine with moderate complexity that can match the heartiest meal course. According to Pliny the Elder the favorite wine of Livia, second wife of Augustus Caesar, was created from this grape. Limited plantings are also to be found in the cooler coastal regions of Australia and California. Some think the Savoie region Mondeuse variety of France is identical.

Is a vigorous and productive red Muscadine variety. Regarded by many as similar to the Noble hybrid cultivar. Sugar content tends to be fairly low, about 15 deg. Brix. The grape is juice rich and color stability is good. The wine is reported to have less varietal character than other red Muscadines with the advantage that it appeals to consumers who tend to reject the standard varietal wine.

(Pronounced 'ray-ghent'). Has synonym name of Geilweilerhof 67-198-3. Has complex parentage of Diana Hamburg x Chambourcin cultivars. Bred for disease resistance, a recent (1998) vintage in the Pfaltz, Germany, required no spraying during the season and produced a good red wine. Growers in Michigan, USA, report winter hardiness is better than Riesling with frost resistance of at least -16 deg. F. (ca -27 C.) with no protection. Wine reported to have good color, moderate tannins and a fruit aroma/taste profile reminiscent of Rhone, France red wines.

Very productive and winter hardy (-25 deg. F) cultivar recommended as seedless tablegrape suitable for state of Oregon (USA). Small-medium size pink/red berries on large clusters that can be cold-stored for up to three months. Reportedly has fruity, diluted, muscat flavor profile. Usually ripens mid-to-late season. No other details as yet.

Austrian name for the Riesling grape of Germany..

Australian name for the Riesling grape of Germany..

Hatian rum.

Indigenous to the Friuli-Venezia Guilia region of N.E. Italy, this white wine grape is mainly used as a varietal or in blends suitable for early consumption. Is also known under the synonym name of Avola. Thought by some to be identical with the Robola variety mainly grown in the Cephalonia region of Greece. Has good varietal citrus aroma/character flavor with short term ageing ability in good vintage years.

Ancient indigenous variety grown in the Friuli-Venezia Guilia region of Italy. Has synonym names Pocalza and Schioppettino. Used to create a popular varietal red wine with some ageing ability that some liken to certain lesser Syrah's of the Rhone region of France.

Riesling x Silvaner cross variety. Has two synonym names - Mainriesling and Wuerzburg. Grown in Ungstein region of the Pfalz, Germany, for limited amounts of Beerenauslese (BA) quality sweet white wine production.

Alternative name used in Italy for the German Riesling grape.

(No other details other than it is a red-wine variety grown in Greece).

V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety with synonym name North Carolina 59-32. Derived from a Lucida x (Topsail x Tarheel) cross. Recommended for planting in the Deep South and Gulf states of the U.S. as a wine or tablegrape.

White-wine grape used to create distinguished, citrus flavored dry wines found mainly on the islands, (e.g: Cephalonia), off the west coast of Greece. Probably known/grown in Italy as the Ribolla Gialla.

an amber-colored American liqueur originally made from rye whiskey and rock candy.

Pronounced 'roh dee tees'. Has synonym name Rhoditis. White-wine grape cultivated in central Greece for the production of AOC Patra wines. Usually blended with the Savatiano and Assyrtiko grape-wines in order to create 'Retsina', the ubiquitous resinated wine associated with Greece. Reported to produce best results by using low yields on mountainous slopes.

White-wine grape mainly grown in the Provence region of France. Thought to have originated from an ancient grape imported by the first Phocean Greek settlers around 500 BC, the grape is used to create a crisp, almost pungent white wine mostly consumed in the Bellet area of the Cote d'Azur. Reported by some to be identical to the Italian variety Vermentino.

Reported to have ten synonym names including Dannery, Daneri, Framboise, Gros Blanc de Villefranche and Ramorantin. Rare french variety thought to have been introduced in the 16th century and, according to a recent DNA check, possibly derived from a Pinot cepage x Gouais Blanc cross. Currently grown near Chambord in the Loire et Cher region of France and used to produce local dry, white 'Cour Cheverny' wine blend.

Has synonym name NY 15291. Reported as derived from a Ontario x Thompson Seedless cross and mainly used as a tablegrape. No other details as yet.

Red wine grape mainly grown in the Veneto region of Italy and used in blends such as 'Valpolicella' and 'Bardolino'. The main grape used for these blends is the Corvina.

Winter hardy red wine vitis vinifera hybrid cross created at Geisenheim, Germany (1964) with pedigree of Saperavi Severnyi x St. Laurent. Has synonym name of Geisenheim 6494-5. Used to create a vinous, full-bodied, color stable wine, with good tannins and character, suitable for blend-enhancing purposes. (No other details as yet other than it is gaining popularity among growers in the United Kingdom).

Pinkish-red fruit, female pollinate V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. Reported to be very vigorous, very sweet with 18% fruit sugar. Wet scar for consistent ripening, usually in mid-late season. Recommended as best of the red Muscadines for home/pick-your-own growth in the deep south/gulf regions of the USA.

Ancient grape variety found in the Liguria region of Italy. Has synonym name of Bianco di Nizza. Makes good value light red wine best drunk when newly released.

Better known under its synonym name of Gropello, this variety is grown in the Lombardy and the Veneto regions of Italy. Optional ingredient in Valpolicella red wine blends along with Corvina and Rondinella.

Has several synonym names including Rossola. Variety grown in the Lombardy region of Italy. Wine is used for a minor blending ingredient in the Valtellina DOC. No other details as yet.

Variety grown in the Lombardy region of Italy. Used in minor proportions as a red blending wine with Chiavennasca in the Valtellina DOC. No other details as yet.

Introduced in 1947 by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station. Reported as derived from an open pollinated seed of Prune de Cazouls. The vine description possibly indicates a V.vinifera x V.labrusca crossing history. The variety is hardy, vigorous and productive, the fruit growing on large, loose clusters, the berries being large, firm, blue-skinned, ripening in late season at the same time as Catawba. No other details as yet.

Variety having several synonym names including Cesar Blanc and Plant de Vaux. Is now reported (2001) to be the possible result of a Pinot cepage x Gouais Blanc cross. No other details as yet.

Has better limited resistance to Pierces Disease than other French/American hybrids. Also known as Seyve Villard 12-309. In dry, long-season regions it is mainly used to produce a well-balanced, somewhat rustic, red wine. Reported to lack fruit quality and productive vigor when planted in the Gulf Coast regions of the U.S.A although noted as having survived for up to seven years in the heavily (Pierce's disease) infected Meridian and Leesburg regions of Mississippi.

(a.k.a Seibel 5898). Red wine grape currently grown in the Finger Lakes region of New York State and recommended for New Mexico as a hardy vine with somewhat erratic production potential in that it sometimes bears biennially. Usually ripens in early October. Susceptible to bunch rot in some locations and requires harvesting at lower soluble solids in most years. Its wine is recommended for blending with wines made from American labruscana grapes, such as Catawba, in order to give good red color/intensity. Useful component in certain Port blends.

White-wine grape mainly grown in east-central Portugal and used in Portwine production.

According to the Geilweilerhof database this variety has many synonym names including Fromental Noir, Bergeron in the french Savoie region and Fromenteau, the latter name not to be confused with the Fromenteau (Gris) variety. Semi-classic variety grown in the Hermitage-Rhone and southern Cotes du Rhone region of France. Still occasionally incorporated into white wine blends, (e.g: with Marsanne wine) because of its acidity and aroma but currently finding less favor.

Also known as Altesse..

Patented winegrape released around 1988 and mentioned in the 'Argaman' variety publication by the ARO Horticultural Unit, Volcani Center at Bet-Dagan, Israel.

Red wine grape cross derived from Alicante Ganzin and Trousseau varieties. Mainly confined to the Central Valley of California as declining acreages. Has similar characteristics to Rubired cross..

Variety derived from a Seibel 5437 x Bailey cross created and released by Oklahoma State University. Reported to be a teinturier (red fleshed) berry bearing cultivar of low vigor that can produce a neutral flavored wine. No other details as yet.

New grapevine released in 2003. Formerly briefly known as 'Abundance' and currently (7/2004) has name challenge again. Has synonym name GR 7 (ie. 'Geneva Red #7'). Derived from a Buffalo x Baco Noir cross created in 1947. Reported to be very vigorous and productive with good winter hardiness to -17 deg. F. Disease resistance is good against tomato and tobacco ringspot viral infection. Has some bunch rot susceptibility. Claimed to make good, dark-red wine with hybrid 'cherry-berry' flavor. Has moderate acidity and superior tannin structure to the Baco Noir or DeChaunac varieties. Recommended for use in cool climates as a light extract blending wine created by using hot pressing, short skin contact or some carbonic maceration. Also used for making Port-type wines.

Variety developed and recently released by the CSIRO winegrape development program of Australia. Reported as recommended for red-wine production. No other details as yet.

(a.k.a Rubin). Derived from a (fairly recent ?) Nebbiolo x Syrah variety cross. Grown extensively in Bulgaria, Romania and Slovenia where it is used to make a varietal perfumed red wine presumably having some ageing ability.

Teinturier derived red wine grape cross from Alicante Ganzin and Tinta Cao grape varieties. Mainly grown in California and Australia where it is used as a blended 'stretch' wine. Regarded as superior to Royalty,.

Reported as a Keuka x Ontario cross developed around the mid-1930's at the Geneva Institute of N.Y. Found to lack vigor and overbears with poor hardiness in New York State. Usually ripens around 1 week before Catawba.

Red-wine grape cross originating from Carignan and Cabernet Sauvignon parentage. Bred for use in the hot San Joaquin Valley region of California by Dr. H.P. Olmo, a UC Davis researcher, this variety may lack the characteristic flavor of its parent yet have its aroma. Variable production depending on location. Color is stable and the grape shows above-average acidity. Susceptible to leafroll and fanleaf virus attack it shows better promise in cooler coastal regions. Also found on small acreages in South Africa, Chile, Argentina and Australia. Currently used in jug-wines as 'backbone' ingredient.

a spirit produced from the fermented juices of sugar cane, sugar cane syrup, sugar cane molasses or other sugar cane byproducts. It is traditionally produced in the Caribbean.

a whiskey distilled from a mash containing not less than 51% rye grain, traditionally produced in the United States and Canada.