vodka flavored with cream soda.

Has synonym name MN 1166. Is result of a St. Pepin x Swenson 6-8-25 (ie. latter variety is unknown V.riparia x Muscat Hamburg) 1988 patented cross selected in 1992. Described as making a germanic character wine reminiscent of Vignoles or Riesling that has received very favorable reviews in a sweet version, or blend with neutral wine(s). Winter hardy with trunks surviving temperatures of -36 deg. F. (approx -38 C). Ripens for harvest around late September in Minnesota with sugar levels that can reach 22-27 brix and high acid. Has low to moderate disease resistance requiring standard spray program. Berry splitting or Botrytis have not been observed even under wet conditions.

Has synonym name Elmer Swenson 294. Patented cold hardy (to -25 deg. F) American hybrid suitable for white wine or juice use. Derived from a (MN 78 x Seibel 1000) x Seyval Blanc cross. Ripens mid-late season with sugar content as high as 19-21 brix. Successful varietal white wines have been made in dry and semi-dry styles. Claimed to have superior harsh cold temperature resistance over its Seyval parent. Currently grown in Wisconsin, S. Dakota and elsewhere in the Upper Midwest U.S.

(aka Habitant Blanc). Technically known as cultivar V53261 created by the Ontario Horticultural Institute in Ontario, Canada. Moderately winter hardy white wine producing grape ripening around late September. Vee-trellis support is recommended for this moderately vigorous cultivar successfully grown in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Variety grown in the Marche region of Italy. Better known as Lacrima di Morro d'Alba. Used to create a purple-red wine that is described as having (in a good year) an aroma of violets, roses and spice with a rich, fruity taste and long finish.

(No other details other than this cultivar, recommended for disease resistance in the State of Arkansas, is the result of a Seibel 14665 x Seyve Villard 20-365 hybrid cross that ripens around mid-September and has the synonym name of Illinois 182-1).

Pronounced 'la gor thee'. White-wine producing variety indigenous to the region of Kalavrita, Peloponnese, Greece. Wines are reported to have pronounced acidity derived mainly from the malic acid content of the grape. Aroma described as a combination of hints of peach, melon and basil together with citrus and mineral flavors.

Developed for resistance to Pierces Disease it is now mostly used as a rootstock in Florida. Was the first hybrid cultivar released by the University of Florida at Leesburg. Productive and vigorous in Florida it will test to 19.5 deg. Brix sugar content but has proved disappointing in recent Louisiana trials. Requires rapid cooling at harvest.

Hardy, early to mid-October ripening grape developed by Geneva Research Station in Western New York. Suitable for making sweet, white dessert wines similar to, but milder than, Himrod,, having been derived from the same parent cross. Also recommended as a tablegrape.

White-wine producing variety grown on small 1 acre plot in Finger Lakes region of W. New York. New name for French hybrid Seyve Villard 23-512. Used to make a dry wine.

Has synonym name Landot 244. Reported as derived from a Seibel 5455 x Seibel 8216 cross.

Has synonym name Landot 4511. Cold-hardy French-american hybrid variety with complex French/American hybrid cultivars (ie. Landot 244 x Eger 2) as parents. Very vigorous variety with good cold hardiness to about -20 deg. F (ca. -28 C). Reported to have late bud break and early maturity in U.S. Zone 4 with some susceptibilty to Downy Mildew . Mainly used for making fruity red wine of mild intensity that ages well and has had international medal recognition. Claimed by some to possess moderate resistance to Pierce's Disease and is successfully grown in several middle-latitude states of the U.S.A.

Reported to have the synonym name Seyve Villard 12-327. Derived from a Seibel 6468 x Seibel 6905 cross. Vine is fertile but irregular. Needs cool climate temperature conditions for best results. Sensitive to Mildew diseases, particularly Powdery Mildew in wettest years. Wine reported to be very similar to that of Seibel 6905.

Local name in Slovenia (former Yugoslavia) for the Welschriesling grape.

Is the result of a Armlong x Jefferson cross developed by T.V. Munson. Reported as prolific producer female cultivar ripening around mid-late September in Tennessee. Requires pollination. No other details as yet.

Presumably a complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar.

Grape variety indigenous to Cyprus. Used to produce local red-wine blend. No other details as yet.

Minor local grape grown in the area southeast of Bordeaux in the Gaillac region of France. Used, along with Mauzac, to create sweet and sparkling white wine blends.

Variety indigenous to Greece and used to create red wine. Also grown on the island of Crete where it is used either as a single variety or in a blend with Mandelaria grape-wine. Apparently needing Mediterranean heat it has been found to be a fairly difficult variety to mature in cool climate vineyards, prone to disease and needing special treatment with Gibberellic acid, trunk girdling (a.k.a 'dry scarring', 'cincturing') etc in order to achieve consistent bunchsize results. According to the Geilweilerhof database (see Foreword above) a seedless mutation of the subject variety, named Korinthiaki, is grown world-wide as a tablegrape under many synonym names including Black Corinth, Zante Currant and, renamed by some supermarkets in the USA, the Champagne grape - the latter name not to be confused with a similarly named, but totally unrelated, American labrusca variety released in 1920 as a vigorous, productive, disease resistant and coldhardy, yet low quality cultivar having large, foxy/sweet-tasting fruit.

Is a hybrid bunchgrape once considered suitable for use in Florida and the Gulf States. Usually ripens during mid-October for use as a tablegrape. However, it has shown problems with Pierce's Disease and uneven ripening of fruit on the bunch and is no longer on the recommended list for Florida.

an aperitif wine produced from a blend of Bordeaux wines, enhanced by liqueurs.

an aperitif wine that has subtle flavors of honey, orange, lime, and mint.

an aperitif wine that is spicy and flavored with essences of vanilla and berries.

Red-wine grape found mainly in the Aegean Island of Lemnos and also in N.E. Greece. Used to create acidic, robust wines with good ageing potential.

Result of a Carter x Chasselas Blanc (ie. White Chasselas) cross. Has synonym name Rogers 9. Regarded as the best of the red-skinned grapes originated by Rogers although defective in being self-sterile and possessing a lack of adaptation to many soils. Released about 1862 the variety was named in honor of John Lindley, an english botanist. Vigorous and moderately hardy for a vinifera hybrid but susceptible to mildew diseases. Ripens in mid-season to give large-medium dark brick-red skinned berries that keep and ship well. Its main modern use appears to be as a parent in cross-breeding and a favorite of some home gardeners. No other details as yet.

a class of spirit that is usually sweet and often served after dinner. It is produced by either mixing or redistilling spirits with natural ingredients such as fruits, plants, flowers, or chocolate. Sugar must be at least 2½% of the contents by weight.

Liqueur Okolehao is made with aged whiskey, tropical flavors and the ancient and revered Hawaiian Ti Root plant.

Derived from the complex V.champini, V.labrusca, V.bourquiniana cultivar Salado x Pense cross. Reported as vigorous, winter-hardy T.V. Munson developed (1902) variety. Very resistant to Rot or Mildew diseases. Reported as cold-hardy to at least -15 deg. F (-22 C). Grows well in limey soils and hot climate to give round, medium-large black-skinned berries. No other details as yet.

(No other details other than this cultivar is a Big Berry x Triumph hybrid cross and recommended as disease resistant in the State of Arkansas).

(No other details as yet other than recommended as a disease resistant tablegrape suitable for planting in Arkansas).

Has synonym name ES 4-8-33. Developed by Elmer Swenson in 1980 and released around 1994 this harsh-cold (to -40 deg. F.) tolerant variety is a cross between ES 2-3-17 and Kay Gray. Recent reports indicate some sensitivity to drought conditions, indicating a need for irrigation in dry years. Disease resistant, other than susceptibility to easily controlled anthracnose, the fruit ripens around mid-season with a long hangtime, rarely exceeding 20 brix sugar content. Acidity is moderate. Can be used to create a light-bodied white wine described as without negative hybrid characteristics and possessing a delicate and floral aroma. Current custom is to blend it with Prairie Star wine.

White-wine grape grown widely in northern Portugal and known across the border in Galicia, Spain as the Loureira. Mainly used for 'vinho verde' wines designed for early drinking.

V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) variety. No other details as yet.

Kuhlmann french-american hybrid suitable for producing red wine. Very vigorous cultivar ripening early to mid-season. Wine is described as well-balanced and mild, with a taste reminiscent of Gamay profile. (No other details available at present).

Synonym name of Lucille. Vitis hybrid vine derived from a Wyoming x Unknown cross. Similar to Caco, ripening at the same time. Vigorous producer of medium-size red berries that are juicy but thin-skinned, susceptible to cracking. Recommended as a tablegrape. No other details as yet.

Has many synonym names including Lignan Blanc. (No other details as yet other than it is reported as originating in Italy and is used as a wine or table grape).

Reported as derived from a Moore's Early x V.champini unreported variety 1893 cross by T.V. Munson. Is a hardy female pollinate, so needs growing near suitable pollinator (eg. Ives (Noir)). Highly disease resistant cultivar compatible with the alkaline black-waxy soils of Texas, USA. Ripens early and evenly. Ships better than Concord. Recommended for use as a tablegrape or rootstock. No other details as yet.

Presumably a complex V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar. (No other details as yet except a recommendation for tablegrape use.)

According to the Geilweilerhof database (above) this cultivar is classified as a North American V. Labrusca derived from the Dracut Amber O.P. variety, although Hedrick ('Grapes of New York, 1912) lists it as a chance seedling found in Tennesee around 1885. Once fairly commonly grown in the Northeast region of the USA: though regarded by some as having little merit because of its poor keeping ability, developing such strong foxiness of flavor and aroma after a few days as to be scarcely edible. It can currently (1999) be found in certain U.S. North Central states where it is claimed to make a better showing. Generally ripens about a week earlier than Concord. Produces berries with light-dark red skins. No other information as yet.

Very early ripening seeded variety with large berries in small, open clusters. Reported to be very similar to Fredonia. (No other details as yet other than recommended for the Pacific N.W. region of the USA).