Has synonym name New York 17594. Derived from a Delaware x (Mills x Iona) cross. Vitis Hybrid grapevine that resembles the Delaware variety having similar aroma and good quality. Ripens shortly after Concord. Vigorous with a tendency to overcrop. Recommended for white wine production. According to the NPGS/GRIN database this vine appears also to have the alias name White Iona.

Grown in Turkey, this variety is used to create a white wine suitable for blending with others, such as Semmillon and Emir to create a modest full-bodied, light-yellow colored effort having good acidity. No other details as yet.

Ancient variety grown and used for dry and sweet white wines in S.W. Sardinia.

Has synonym names of Spanna in the northern hills of Piedmont, Italy: Picutener and Pugnet are two local clones grown in the Carema DOC, N.W. Piedmont. Also the Chiavennasca vine in Lombardy. Is the variety responsible for the long-lived, fine red wines of the Piedmont region of Italy. The role of honor includes traditionally vinified 'Barolo', 'Gattinara', 'Barbaresco' and 'Ghemme': all huge, tannic wines that at their best can take decades to mature.

Red wine grape common to Macedonia, N.E. and Central Greece. Usually used as a wine that is blended with Xynomavro grape-wine.

Red wine producing variety grown in the Trentino-Alto Adige and Veneto regions of Italy. Best known for its inclusion in Bardolino DOC wine blends. Has several synonym names but is of little interest as a varietal wine.

Minor grape grown in the region about 100 miles southeast of Bordeaux, France. Used for red wine and rose' blends along with Gamay Noir, Syrah and Duras grapes. The grape is thought by some to be known as Pinot St. George in California.

Widely grown in the Apulia (Puglia) region of southern Italy this grape is used to produce the base wine of the 'Salice di Salento' and other red wine blends of good repute and ageing potential.

Listed in 'Grapes of New York' by U. Hedrick as a found V.lincecumii variety by H. Jaeger in Missouri. Very vigorous, hardy but with poor productivity it ripens to give small, black berries that can be turned into a light wine with a 'peculiar aroma'. Has some notability as one of the direct parents of the Muench cultivar).

Grape variety currently grown extensively in Puglia region of Italy and also in Sicily where it is used as a constituent of red wine blends. Considered by some to be slightly inferior to the Nero d'Avola in taste and ageing ability.

Fairly rare red-wine grape indigenous to Valsusa DOC, Piemonte region of Italy. Has over 20 synonym names, including Costiola. Used in a blend with Barbera and two other varieties to give a semi-sweet (?) wine.

(a.k.a Calabrese). Used as one of the wines blended into a well-regarded Sicilian red wine with complex aromas capable of ageing well.

(a.k.a Kuhlmann 296-1). Hybrid variety used to produce a blending wine with reported strong Pinot Noir profile taste. Used almost exclusively as a flavoring grape due to its uneconomical small bunches of tiny berries.

Black self-fertile V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar widely grown in the S.E states of the USA. Similar in most respects to the Carlos variety (above), it is reported to be very productive and with good disease resistance. Needs 'girdling' (a.k.a dry scarring) to counteract tendency to ripen over a long period during mid-late season. Good fruit sugar (18%) content.

Minor grape grown in Austria and recently (2002) determined to be a cross between the Roter Veltliner and Silvaner varieties. Suitable for growing in a wide range of soils including heavy or chalky areas but prefers granite content. Shows a tendency towards Coulure, ie. poor fruit set with immature berries falling off after veraison (blossoming). Widely grown in sections of the Burgenland and Wachau regions, and other areas, of Austria producing soft, full-bodied wines with nutlike aroma. Also commonly used in white wine blends such as are found in Gumpoldkirchen.

T.V. Munson variety reported to be derived from a Neosho x Herbemont cross. Claimed to have some resistance to Pierce's Disease. No other details as yet.

Muscat-type variety, having synonym name NY 12997, suitable for wine or tablegrape production. Derived from a Muscat Hamburg x Ontario cross. Moderately hardy with loose, large-berried clusters that have good Muscat profile and little if any labrusca flavor. Reports from some areas indicate moderate vigor with a tendency to low productivity. Claimed to make a pleasing red or white wine with fairly low acidity. As a tablegrape it is considered to have excellent flavor.

Has synonym name of California L 11-3. Developed by H. Olmo in 1942, this cultivar was released in 1958 and is derived from an (Early) Campbell x Niagara cross. The vine is vigorous and productive and tolerant to Powdery Mildew. Ripens in mid-season, with large berries on the bunch. Occasionally used for making semi-sweet wines, this variety is more generally recommended as use as a tablegrape. Currently grown in many countries. A variation with the name Early Niabell has the synonym name California L 11-2.

Root disease and cold resistant, reportedly to -15 deg. F (approx -22 C), native American labruscana hybrid grape derived from Concord and Cassady American hybrids. Grown from seed in Lockport, NY, it first fruited in 1872. Introduced in the Northeast USA about 1882. Like its parent Concord counterpart this variety requires quite high heat, soil of optimum fertility and grafting to a good growth rootstock (eg. '3309') for best results. Used to create fruity white wines with strong 'grapey' flavor, usually sweet finished, but also found in dry versions. Suitable also as a Table grape. Possibly one of the few native American hybrids that will remain popular in the U.S. because of a wide consumer base created after World War II. Plantings are mainly found in the Eastern and Mid-West regions of the U.S. where it ripens about 1 week earlier than Concord. At its best when blended with a neutral wine.

Has synonym names Niagara Red and P.I. 288688. A sport mutation of the V.vinifera x V.labrusca Niagara variety, this cultivar is one of the most popular table grapes of Brazil.

Has synonym name Niellucciu. Better known in its Italian homeland as Sangiovese. Red-wine grape used in a Corsican blend including Cinsault, Grenache and Sciacarello produced in the Calvi region of Corsica.

T.V. Munson variety derived from a Salado x Pense cross. Has synonym name Nitodal. No other details as yet.

19th century (dating from 1869) V.riperia/labrusca white-wine producing grape with somewhat 'foxy' flavor. Parents are reported as Hartford (a cross between Isabella and an unnamed labrusca) and the interesting 19th century Taylor variety. Has several synonym names including Belo Otelo, Charvat and Tatar Rizling. Having moderate vigor and only moderate cold-hardiness the variety is also susceptible to Mildew diseases. Has tendency to late-bud. At last report small acreages are still planted on the eastern seaboard of the U.S. (eg. Egg Harbor, N.J), south-central states (eg. Missouri), and in cooler areas of Croatia, Romania and France. Ripening at the same time as Concord the small, light-green, tinged with yellow, berries (which physically resemble the Elvira berry) do not ship or keep well. The vine can also be used as a rootstock.

Complex black, self-fertile, V.rotundifolia (ie. Muscadine) cultivar, derived from a Thomas x Tarheel cross. Has synonym name N.C 20-119. Widely grown in the S.E and Gulf states of the USA, usually ripening in early-mid season. Has good (16%) fruit sugars. Successfully used in Arkansas for producing red wine and juice. Also recommended as a tablegrape. Similar to the Carlos variety (above).

Low vigor cultivar resulting from a cross between Madeleine Angevine and Silvaner. Has moderate cold hardiness and is resistant to many diseases. Early September ripening. Claimed to produce good quality white wine.

(No details as yet other than it is grown in the Valais district of Switzerland and is a white-wine producing variety cross with Silvaner x Chasselas parentage created at Freiburg, Germany.)

Ancient french variety grown on limited acreages in central Europe under several synonym names including Muscat Noir Hatif Marsella. Reportedly lacking vigor and producing only moderate to low yield, the grape quality is regarded by some as well suited for cool climate trials as a red-wine producer vine.

Pronounced 'nwahr-ay'. Reported to be a mid-season ripening wine grape useful for creating red wine. Derived from a NY65.0467.08 x Steuben variety cross initiated in 1973 at the NYS Agricultural Station, Geneva, NY. Appears to be a distinct improvement available to cool climate growers such as found in the N.E USA. Wines are notably free of hybrid variety aromas, with deep color and good tannins. Susceptible to powdery mildew disease. Leaves and fruit require a regular spray program against downy mildew. Reported cold hardiness to -14 deg. F. No other details as yet.

Is a V.vinifera cultivar that reportedly resulted from a Seyanets Malengra x Arakseni Belyi cross created in Armenia in the 1950's. Quite cold hardy (down to -15 deg F.) and the berries ripen fairly early (?) in Armenia. Main use is as a tablegrape.

Is a bunchgrape hybrid resistant to Pierce's Disease for use in Florida and the lower Gulf States of the U.S.A. However latest reports indicate low resistance to fruit cracking and anthracnose so it is no longer recommended.

Has synonym name G-2861. Variety released from the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station in 1947. Reported as derived from a Agawam x Early Daisy cross. Heavy cropping variety that ripens a week before Concord to give large, compact clusters of large, tough, black-skinned berries resistant to moisture cracking that hang well. No other details as yet.

This well-known native N. American V.aestivalis cultivar, with the alias name Virginia Seedling, was thought to be derived by chance pollination involving the American aestivalis native species. A recent report notes that it was subsequently propagated in 1835 by D. N. Norton of Richmond, Virginia. Is mainly found in the warmer regions of the southeast U.S.. DNA analysis carried out in the early 1990's has shown that this cultivar is identical to the Cynthiana variety listed above. Substantial acreages are now grown in the State of Virginia, and Missouri where it has had over a century-long presence, that reportedly ripen in late September. The deeply pigmented, aromatic characteristics of the fully ripe fruit used to create this historically interesting full red wine are said to include coffee and spice-like flavor with little or no 'foxy' aroma providing problems with both high pH and high titratable acidity are appropriately addressed. Vines are tolerant of common fungal infestations and easily protected with fungicides. Reported to resist Pierce's Disease for extended periods. Planting in well-draining soils is required if rot is to be avoided. Notoriously difficult to propagate by the cuttings method, the vine is usually reproduced by using the layering method of burying a short length of a shoot until it sprouts and shows root growth from the buried section. At that point the short vine section that has sprouted is severed from the layered original shoots and replanted. It has been reported that the Norton1 clone does pair well with the 1103P rootstock in suitable locations. Foliar Magnesium spray application is recommended in Arkansas. Crops are best enhanced with high training, preferably Geneva Double Curtain. Birds find the small fruit very attractive.

White-wine grape used to produce local, early drinking, light wines in the Trentino-Alto Aldige and Veneto regions of N.E. Italy. Has several synonym names including Durello, Rabiosa, Cagnina and Durella.

Mystery red-wine grape grown in a single Wairarapa (N.Z) region vineyard and designated as an unknown ID after examination by ampelographers and subjection to some DNA testing. Initially believed to be, and planted as, the variety Shiraz. Has some characteristics that suggest a relationship to Trousseau (Noir). Creates a dark, brambly red wine that is very ripe, warm and powerful in style.

Indigenous grapevine variety grown in S.W. Sardinia. Has several synonym names including Abbondosa and Axina. Used mainly as a dry varietal wine suitable for seafood dish accompaniment.

Currently not popularly named this variety is reported to be derived from a Seyve Villard 18-307 x Steuben cross. Claimed to be vigorous and very productive in U.S. Zone 4, it showed good Powdery Mildew resistance. Used to make a vinous red wine with vinifera bell-peppers aroma.

As yet unnamed variety created from a (NY 33277 x Chancellor) x Steuben cross. Claimed to produce excellent, full-bodied, well-balanced red wine with complete tannin structure and distinct pepper and red fruit aromas. Vines are hardy, moderately vigorous. Downy Mildew may occasionally require control. Suitable for planting in zone 4 cool climate regions.

Currently unnamed variety derived from a Traminette x Ravat 34 cross by the N.Y. Research Station at Geneva. Reported to be capable of producing a good floral muscat-flavored white wine. Vigorous and productive it is sometimes susceptible to leaf phylloxera. Winter hardy to -16 deg. F. In Zone 4 regions it usually matures in mid-season, normally ripening in mid-late September. No other details as yet.